View source for Summary of dietary guidelines of different countries

=== Summary of dietary guidelines of different countries ===
'''(1) starchy foods (cereals, bread, some potatoes).''' <br/>
Common to all countries: emphasis on whole-grain cereals every day. <br/>
Sweden and Norway: 90 g wholemeal cereals for men (70 g for women). <br/>
Denmark: 75 g wholemeal cereals.<br/>
Netherlands - 250g bread per day (for men 19-50 years old; 150g for women), plus [300g potatoes or 200-250g cooked cereals]<br/>
Switzerland - 3 servings per day (a serving is either ~100g of bread or 45-75g of cereals in dry weight) <br/>
Spain - 25g fiber per day. <br/>
Japan >20g fiber per day. 50-65% of energy from carbohydrates.<br/>
France - every day, with an emphasis on whole-grain cereals. Avoid pesticides. <br/>
UK - one third of meals for starchy foods. <br/>
Italy and Germany recommendations I couldn't decipher. <br/>
US >112g whole grains and <112g refined cereals per day for 2400kcal/day diet<br/>
Australia, New Zealand - 6 servings (a serving is 75-120g of cooked cereals, or 40g of bread)<br/>
Singapore 5-7 servings of brown rice/wholemeal bread/potatoes per day. One serving of brown rice is 100g, one serving of bread is 60g, one serving of potatoes is 180g. <br/>

'''(3,4,5) fruits and vegetables''' <br/>
Germany >450g vegetables and 250g fruit (two fruits). 25g nuts can replace a fruit.  <br/>
Czech Republic >400g vegetables and >200g fruit <br/>
Switzerland >360g vegetables and no more than 240g fruit (point 4)  <br/>
Netherlands >250g vegetables and >200g fruit <br/>
Norway >250g vegetables, >250g fruit/berries <br/>
Finland 250g vegetables, 250g fruit/berries <br/>
USA 3 cups of vegetables, 2 cups of fruit for 2400kcal/day diet (cup is 240ml, don't know in grams. In New Zealand for example a cup is 150g vegetables or 75g leafy vegetables) <br/>
Australia 450g of vegetables/legumes and 300g of fruit <br/>
New Zealand - 450g vegetables and 300g fruit <br/>
Singapore - 200-300g vegetable and 260g fruit <br/>
Japan - 2 fruits per day and 5-6 "plates" of vegetables (couldn't find what that "plate" is) <br/>

Denmark >600g fruits and vegetables in total, more emphasis on vegetables <br/>
Sweden >500g total vegetables and fruit <br/>
France 400-500g total vegetables and fruit <br/>
Bulgaria >400g total vegetables and fruit <br/>

Portugal 550-900g vegetables, 500-800g fruit per day <br/>
Greece 600-800g vegetables and 360-600g fruit <br/>
Spain - 300-450g vegetables (point 5) and 240-360g fruit (point 4)  <br/>
Italy - 3-4 medium (apple, orange) or 6-8 small (mandarin, apricot) fruits. 100g salad and 750-1000g vegetables (point 5, not sure I understood their wording about vegetables)  <br/>
UK - one third of the meal.  <br/>
Austria - 2 fruit the size of a fist, and 3 fists of vegetables <br/>

'''(2) Potatoes''' <br/>
Most countries have a good attitude toward boiled potatoes. Potatoes generally count along with cereals, and separately from vegetables.  <br/>
Particular opinions: <br/>
Greece - no more than 400 grams of potatoes per week <br/>
France - no scientific data on potatoes, consume as much as you wish within reasonable limits <br/>
Netherlands - potatoes should occupy no more than half of the recommendations on wholemeal food intake (p.1)  <br/>
USA - 6 cups of potatoes per week (and other starchy vegetables) for a diet of 2400 kcal/day <br/>

Malta - no more than 240g of potatoes per week <br/>
Hungary - no more than every other day. <br/>
And Denmark, for example, equates potatoes with whole-grain cereals: "At least 2/5 of the meal should be wholegrain cereals or potatoes". <br/>
Belgium-Flanders suggests eating potatoes with every meal: "Eat potatoes at every main meal. <br/>

'''6. Legumes''' <br/>
Germany - 70g raw or 125g cooked legumes per day <br/>
Greece - 2-3 servings per week (one serving is 150g to 200g cooked) <br/>
Netherlands - 2-3 times a week 60g cooked <br/>
Spain - eat 2-3 times a week <br/>
France - 2 times a week <br/>
Portugal 80-160g cooked legumes per day <br/>
Singapore 2-3 servings of pulses/meat/fish per day (one serving is 120g pulses, or 90g meat/fish) <br/>
In some countries, legumes count simply along with vegetables and are not specifically mentioned.  <br/>

'''7. Dairy products''' <br/>
Note: In many documents, fermented milk also counts as milk. <br/>
Finland 500-600g milk and 2-3 slices of cheese a day. <br/>
Switzerland 600g of milk or yogurt a day. <br/>
Austria 400g of milk or yogurt and 50g of cheese a day. <br/>
Italy 375g milk and 375g yogurt per day, 200-300g fresh and 100-150g old cheese per week.  <br/>
Netherlands 300-450g milk and 40g cheese per day <br/>
Germany 200-250g nonfat milk, and 50-60g cheese a day <br/>
Sweden 200-500g milk per day <br/>
Greece 2 servings per day (one serving equals 250g of milk or 30g of cheese or 60g of soft cheese).  <br/>
France 2 servings a day (a serving is 150g milk or 30g cheese)  <br/>
Spain simply says that dairy is basic and should be eaten daily. <br/>
UK discreetly says have some dairy or dairy alternatives (soy drinks)  <br/>
USA - 720ml milk a day for any number of kcal/day <br/>
Australia, N.Z. - 2.5 servings of dairy per day (1 serving is 250g of milk, or 40g of cheese). Men over 70 are recommended 3.5 servings, and women over 51 are recommended 4 servings. And even people with impaired lactose absorption are recommended up to 250ml of milk per day, just broken down into smaller servings. <br/>

'''8. Meat''' <br/>
France, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway - no more than 500g of red meat per week.  <br/>
Germany - no more than 300-600 grams of meat (including chicken) per week. <br/>
The Netherlands - no more than 500g of meat (all kinds) per week. Of these, no more than 300g of red meat. <br/>
Greece - no more than 120-150g of red meat per week. 240-300g of white meat per week recommended.  <br/>
UK - no more than 70g of red meat per day <br/>
Switzerland - meat (including chicken) no more than 2-3 times a week <br/>
Spain - it is advised to eat meat not every day. <br/>
USA - meat, chicken and eggs total 124g per day for a 2400kcal/day diet <br/>
Australia, New Zealand - 3 servings of meat/chicken/fish/nuts/eggs per day (1 serving is ~100g of meat/chicken/fish, or 2 eggs, or 30g of nuts). It is emphasized that 100g of red meat in raw form are one serving, but in cooked it would be 65g. Australia - limit red meat (lean meat) to 455g per week. New Zealand - limit red meat to 500g per week (that's in cooked form, and it will be 700-750g in raw form). <br/>
Israel - minimize red meat. No more than 300g per week. <br/>
Singapore 2-3 servings of pulses/meat/fish per day (a serving of pulses is 120g, meat/fish 90g) <br/>

'''9. Fish''' <br/>
Netherlands - 100g per week <br/>
Germany - 150-220g per week <br/>
Denmark - 350g per week. <br/>
Greece 300-450g per week <br/>
Spain 300-500 g fillets per week or 500-800 g non-fillet per week <br/>
Norway 2-3 times a week 150g each <br/>
Finland 2-3 times a week 100-150g each <br/>
UK 2 times a week, 140g each <br/>
Italy, Sweden 2-3 times a week <br/>
France 2 times a week <br/>
Switzerland 1-2 times a week 100-120g each <br/>
USA - 280g per week for a 2400kcal/day diet <br/>
Australia 140-280g fish per week <br/>
Singapore - 2 servings of fish 90g each per week <br/>

'''10. Eggs''' <br/>
Greece - up to 4 per week. <br/>
Spain - up to 4-5 per week. <br/>
France - not enough scientific data for egg recommendations <br/>
Italy - 2-4 per week, not in one day <br/>
Netherlands 2-3 per week. <br/>
Austria up to 3 per week. <br/>
Finland 2-3 per week. <br/>
Australia - no evidence of health risks of eggs <br/>

'''11. oils and fats''' <br/>
Czech Republic, Spain - no more than 30% of calories. More olive oil.  <br/>
Germany 60-80g fats per day. Every day, eat: 10-15 g of oil (e.g. rapeseed, walnut, or soybean oil) and 15-30 g of margarine or butter. Wow.  <br/>
Greece 60-75g of fats. The main added fat is olive oil. <br/>
Netherlands 65g (men), 40g (women) <br/>
Switzerland 20-30g vegetable oils, of which at least half is rapeseed oil <br/>
U.S. - unsaturated fats should be 2.5 (or more) times more than saturated fats. Less than 8% of energy from saturated fats (according to the HEI index) <br/>
Australia - 4 servings of unsaturated oil for men, 2 for women.  1 serving is 7g mono/poly unsaturated butter or 10g nuts <br/>
Japan 20-30% energy from fats, <7% energy from saturated fats, ~10g w6 fats, ~2g w3 fats (depends on age, see p.13) <br/>

'''12. Nuts and seeds'''  <br/>
Netherlands - 25 g per day <br/>
Finland - 30g per day <br/>
Switzerland 20-30g per day <br/>
Austria, Sweden - 2 tablespoons per day <br/>
Germany - 25g nuts can replace fruit. <br/>
Spain - several times a week <br/>
France - small handful per day <br/>
USA - 140g per week for a 2400kcal/day diet <br/>

13. Sweets -- unanimously as little as possible <br/>
14. Salt -- ~unanimously no more than 5-6g of salt <br/>
17. Alcohol - approximately unanimously no more than 20g of ethanol per day for men and 10g for women. <br/>
Israel, Netherlands, Austria, Spain -- limit as much as possible. <br/>
18. It is desirable to have variety in diet (different vegetables, fruits, etc.)  <br/>

Note. Update dates for the national recommendation documents: <br/>
2020 - New Zealand <br/>
2019 - Australia, Israel <br/>
2017 - Germany, France, Greece <br/>
2016 - UK, Netherlands, Switzerland <br/>
2015 - Sweden, Denmark, Japan <br/>
2014 - Finland, Norway <br/>
2012 - Czech Republic <br/>
2009 - Austria <br/>
2008 - Spain <br/>
2003 - Italy <br/>

Recommendations may vary slightly depending on your age, gender, energy intake, and other things. As a rule, there is not much difference.

'''Links to guidelines:''' <br/>
Europe  https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/health-knowledge-gateway/promotion-prevention/nutrition/food-based-dietary-guidelines <br/>
USA https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/ <br/>
Australia https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/the-australian-dietary-guidelines (1128 links to scientific papers in references!) <br/>
New Zealand https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/eating-and-activity-guidelines-new-zealand-adults <br/>
Israel https://health.gov.il/PublicationsFiles/dietary%20guidelines%20EN.pdf <br/>
Singapore https://www.healthhub.sg/programmes/55/my-healthy-plate <br/>
Japan https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/06-Seisakujouhou-10900000-Kenkoukyoku/Overview.pdf, https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/pdf/eiyou-syokuji4.pdf (couldn't find size of servings except for fruits) <br/>
Could not find detailed dietary guidelines of China and South Korea. <br/>
Canada guideline unfortunately does not contain detailed numbers: https://food-guide.canada.ca/en/guidelines/ <br/>

WHO recommendations: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet They are few: >400g fruits and vegetables, <30% energy from fats, <10% energy from saturated fats <br/>
Here the WHO also did a similar review in 2003, based on recommendations from different countries: [https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/150083/E79832.pdf "Food based dietary guidelines in the WHO European Region"] <br/>
Here are [https://applications.emro.who.int/dsaf/emropub_2011_1274.pdf?ua=1 recommendations of WHO] 2012y for eastern mediterranean region