Blood composition: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 01:05, 7 June 2024

Plasma

Ions

Ion concentration simple to achieve?
Na+ 136 - 145 mM simple
K+ 3.5 - 5.0 mM simple
Ca2+ 2.1 - 2.6 mM simple
Mg2+ 0.6 - 1.0 mM simple
H+ 0.04 mM (pH 7.40) simple
HCO3- 24 - 28 mM simple
Cl- 100 - 110 mM simple
HPO42- 1.1 - 1.5 mM simple
SO42- 0.3 - 0.6 mM simple

Metabolites

Metabolite concentration simple to achieve?
glucose 3.6 - 6.1 mM simple
lactate 0.4 - 1.8 mM simple
pyruvate 0.07 - 0.11 mM simple
urea 3.5 - 9.0 mM simple
uric acid 0.18 - 0.54 mM simple
creatinine 0.06 - 0.13 mM simple
amino acids 2.3 - 4.0 mM simple
ammonia 0.02 - 0.06 mM simple (is it just waste? so as minimal as possible is desirable?)
lipids 5.5 - 6.0 g/L (~3 mM) simple
triacylglycerol 1.0 - 1.3 g/L simple
cholesterol 1.7 - 2.1 g/L simple

Proteins

albumine (45g/L)
transthyretin

alpha1-globulines

antitrypsin
antichymotrypsin
lipoprotein (HDL)
prothrombin
transcortin
acidic glycoprotein
thyroxine-binding globulin

alpha2-globulines

ceruloplasmin
antithrombin III
haptoglobin
cholinesterase
plasminogen
macroglobulin
retinol-binding protein
vitamin D binding protein

beta-globulines

lipoprotein (LDL)
transferrin
fibrinogen
sex hormone binding globulin
transcobalamin
C-reactive protein

gamma-globulines

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE

Lipoproteins

chylomicrones (<0.95 g/cm3)
VLDL (very low density lipids, 0.95 - 1.006 g/cm3)
IDL (intermediate density lipids, 1.006 - 1.019 g/cm3)
LDL (low density lipids, 1.019 - 1.063 g/cm3)
HDL (high density lipids, 1.063 - 1.210 g/cm3)

Hormones

Growth factors

Cytokines

chemokines

interferons

interleukins

Good table of interleukins in humans (from IL-1 to IL-36) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin#In_humans

lymphokines

tumour necrosis factors

Cells and their fragments

red blood cells

5*10^12 /L

Lymphocytes

Granulocytes

Monocytes

Platelets

250e9 /L