Blood composition
Plasma
Ions
Ion | concentration | simple to achieve? |
---|---|---|
Na+ | 136 - 145 mM | simple |
K+ | 3.5 - 5.0 mM | simple |
Ca2+ | 2.1 - 2.6 mM | simple |
Mg2+ | 0.6 - 1.0 mM | simple |
H+ | 0.04 mM (pH 7.40) | simple |
HCO3- | 24 - 28 mM | simple |
Cl- | 100 - 110 mM | simple |
HPO42- | 1.1 - 1.5 mM | simple |
SO42- | 0.3 - 0.6 mM | simple |
Metabolites
Metabolite | concentration | simple to achieve? |
---|---|---|
glucose | 3.6 - 6.1 mM | simple |
lactate | 0.4 - 1.8 mM | simple |
pyruvate | 0.07 - 0.11 mM | simple |
urea | 3.5 - 9.0 mM | simple |
uric acid | 0.18 - 0.54 mM | simple |
creatinine | 0.06 - 0.13 mM | simple |
amino acids | 2.3 - 4.0 mM | simple |
ammonia | 0.02 - 0.06 mM | simple (is it just waste? so as minimal as possible is desirable?) |
lipids | 5.5 - 6.0 g/L (~3 mM) | simple |
triacylglycerol | 1.0 - 1.3 g/L | simple |
cholesterol | 1.7 - 2.1 g/L | simple |
Proteins
albumine (45g/L)
transthyretin
alpha1-globulines
antitrypsin
antichymotrypsin
lipoprotein (HDL)
prothrombin
transcortin
acidic glycoprotein
thyroxine-binding globulin
alpha2-globulines
ceruloplasmin
antithrombin III
haptoglobin
cholinesterase
plasminogen
macroglobulin
retinol-binding protein
vitamin D binding protein
beta-globulines
lipoprotein (LDL)
transferrin
fibrinogen
sex hormone binding globulin
transcobalamin
C-reactive protein
gamma-globulines
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
IgE
Lipoproteins
chylomicrones (<0.95 g/cm3)
VLDL (very low density lipids, 0.95 - 1.006 g/cm3)
IDL (intermediate density lipids, 1.006 - 1.019 g/cm3)
LDL (low density lipids, 1.019 - 1.063 g/cm3)
HDL (high density lipids, 1.063 - 1.210 g/cm3)
Hormones
Growth factors
Cytokines
chemokines
interferons
interleukins
Good table of interleukins in humans (from IL-1 to IL-36) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin#In_humans
lymphokines
tumour necrosis factors
Cells and their fragments
red blood cells
5*10^12 /L
Lymphocytes
Granulocytes
Monocytes
Platelets
250e9 /L